Emotional Exchange on Team Performance in Non-Governmental Agricultural Organizations in Kenya
Keywords:
Emotional Exchange, Non-Governmental Agricultural Organizations, Team PerformanceAbstract
This study sought to establish the influence of emotional exchange on team performance in non-governmental agricultural organizations in Kenya. The study adopted convergent mixed method research design which integrates quantitative and qualitative data and pragmatism philosophy. The target population was NGOs operating in the agricultural sector in Kenya whose list was obtained from NGO Coordination Board. Data was collected using questionnaire as the main tool with interview guide used to triangulate the results from employees in the sector. Results revealed that emotional exchnage in terms of gratitude, empathy, respect, and assertive accounts for 29.2% of team performance in Agricultural NGOs. Emotional exchange has a statisitcally signficant influence on team performance (t = 9.294, p<0.05) which implies that emotional exchange in terms of in gratitude, respect, empathy and assertion towards employees significantly impacts on team performance in the NGOs. As a result, the null hypothesis hypotheses was rejected and inferred that emotional exchange has a statistically significant influence on team performance in non-governmental agricultural organizations. It was thus inferred that emotional exchange (bring in the components of emotional exchange) has a significant influence on team performance in the sector. In lieu of this, it is recommended that the NGOs need to enhance stable emotions that create an environment that fosters productivity, while unstable emotions cause resource-draining effect that weakens employees' ability to remain engaged and innovative (should capture the constructs appropriately.
References
Aggarwal, A., Chand, P. K., Jhamb, D., & Mittal, A. (2020). Leader-Member Exchange, Work Engagement, and Psychological Withdrawal Behavior: The Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 423. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00423.
Akdol, B., & Arikboga, F. S. (2017). Leader member exchange as a mediator of the relationship between servant leadership and job satisfaction: A research on Turkish ICT companies. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 6, 525-535.
Alo, O., & Arslan, A. (2022). The antecedents of leader-member-exchange (LMX) relationships in African context: the influence of the supervisor’s feedback delivery-tactic. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 30(7), 67-94. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-07-2021-2878
Barsade, S. G. (2002). The ripple effect: Emotional contagion and its influence on group behavior. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47(4), 644-675. https://doi.org/10.2307/3094912.
Barsade, S. G., Coutifaris, C. G., & Pillemer, J. (2018). Emotional contagion in organizational life. Research in Organizational Behavior, 38, 137-151.
Baykal, E., Zehir, C., & Kole, M. (2018). Effects of servant leadership on gratitude, empowerment, innovativeness and performance: Turkey example. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 57, 29-52. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS390903.
Blanchard, K., Broadwell, R., & Maxwell, J. C. (2018). Servant Leadership in Action: How You Can Achieve Great Relationships and Results, 1. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Chen, Q., Kong, Y., Niu, Y., Gao, W. G., Li, J., & Li, M. (2019). How Leaders’ Psychological Capital Influence Their Followers’ Psychological Capital: Social Exchange or Emotional Contagion. Front. Psychol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01578.
Cox, J. D., Mitcheva, C., & Cole, M. L. (2021). The impact of emotional intelligence on emotional contagion: Implications for teams. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 21(3), 10-22. https://doi.org/10.33423/jop.v21i3.4306
Davis, N. (2017). Review of followership theory and servant leadership theory: Understanding how servant leadership informs followership. In Servant Leadership and Followership, 207-223. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Dewi, M. K., Manochin, M., & Belal, A. (2019). Marching with the volunteers: Their role and impact on beneficiary accountability in an Indonesian NGO. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 32(4), 1117-1145.
Ekanayake, E. M., & Weerasinghe, T. D. (2019). Impact of emotional contagion on work performance of employees. Kelaniya Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(2), 28. https://doi.org/10.4038/kjhrm.v14i2.68
Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., Van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant leadership: A systematic review and call for future research. The leadership quarterly, 30(1), 111-132.
Eva, N., Sendjaya, S., Prajogo, D., Cavanagh, A., & Robin, M. (2018). Creating strategic fit. Personnel Review, 47(1), 166-186. https://doi.org/10.1108/pr-03-2016-0064.
Ferris, C. (2020) Towards a servant leadership model. Servant Leadership Theory & Practice, 7(1), 41-62.
González-Anta, B., Orengo, V., Zornoza, A., Gamero, N., & Peñarroja, V. (2020). Collaboration and performance in virtual teams with Faultlines: An emotional management intervention. Revista Psicologia: Organizações & Trabalho, 20, 1237-1246. https://doi.org/10.17652/rpot/2020.4.08.
Ilies, R., Curşeu, P. L., Dimotakis, N., & Spitzmuller, M. (2013). Leaders' emotional expressiveness and their behavioural and relational authenticity: Effects on followers. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(1), 4-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432x.2011.626199.
Jit, R., Sharma, C.S., & Kawatra, M. (2017). Healing a broken spirit: Role of servant leadership. The Journal of Decision Makers, 42(2), 80-94.
Kim, T. Y., Liden, R. C., Liu, Z., & Wu, B. (2022). The interplay of leader–member exchange and peer mentoring in teams on team performance via team potency. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 43(5), 932-945.
Liu, X., & Liu, J. (2013). The influence mechanism of team emotional climate on team innovation performance. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 44(4), 546-557. https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2012.00546.
Marques, J. F. (2010). Enhancing the quality of organizational communication: A presentation of reflection‐based criteria. Journal of Communication Management, 14(1), 47-58.
Moore, E. C. (2020). Being listened to with empathy: The experience and effect for emerging and middle-aged adults (Thesis, Old Dominion University).
Munene, R., & Nyaga, J. (2021). Leadership practices and performance of non-governmental organisations in Nairobi County, Kenya. International Research Journal of Business and Strategic Management, 3(3), 725-736.
Njiiri, P.K., Were, S., & Muturi, W. (2021) Servant Leadership Style and Public Participation in the County Governments in Kenya. Journal of Business and Management, 23(2), 58-69.
Northhouse, P. G. (2019). Leadership: Theory and practice. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.
Randel, A. E., Galvin, B. M., Shore, L. M., Ehrhart, K. H., Chung, B. G., Dean, M. A., & Kedharnath, U. (2018). Inclusive leadership: Realizing positive outcomes through belongingness and being valued for uniqueness. Human Resource Management Review, 28(2), 190-203.
Saleem, F., Zhang, Y. Z., Gopinath, C., & Adeel, A. (2020). Impact of servant leadership on performance: The mediating role of affective and cognitive trust. SAGE Open, 10(1), 215824401990056. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900562.
Shemla, M., Kearney, E., Wegge, J., & Stegmann, S. (2020). Unlocking the performance potential of functionally diverse teams: The paradoxical role of leader mood. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 93(3), 530-555. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12303.
Siyal S., Peng X. (2018). Does leadership lessen turnover? The moderated mediation effect of leader–member exchange and perspective taking on public servants. J. Public Aff. 18: e1830. DOI: 10.1002/pa.1830.
Wan, J., Pan, K. T., Peng, Y., & Meng, L. Q. (2022). The impact of emotional leadership on subordinates' job performance: Mediation of positive emotions and moderation of susceptibility to positive emotions. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.917287.
Wang, Q., Yu, X., Yu, H., Su, S., Li, C., Wang, C., & Yuan, Y. (2020). The influence of social networks on team performance: Moderating effect of emotional contagion. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 08(04), 553-565. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2020.84040.
West, T. V., Koslov, K., Page-Gould, E., Major, B., & Mendes, W. B. (2017). Contagious anxiety: Anxious European Americans can transmit their physiological reactivity to African Americans. Psychological science, 28(12), 1796-1806.https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797617722551.
Zarei, M., Supphellen, M., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2022). Servant leadership in marketing: A critical review and a model of creativity-effects. Journal of Business Research, 153, 172-184.
Zivkovic, S. (2022). Empathy in leadership: how it enhances effectiveness. Economic and Social Development: Book of Proceedings, 454-467.
Zou, W., Tian, Q., & Liu, J. (2015). Servant leadership, social exchange relationships, and follower's helping behavior: Positive reciprocity belief matters. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 51, 147-156.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 Tedson Richard Nyongesa, Caren O Ouma, Timothy C. Okech

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.